Gene signatures to therapeutics: Assessing the potential of ivermectin against t(4;14) multiple myeloma

Figure 4 Ivermectin induces apoptosis in t(4;14) multiple myeloma cells via mitochondrial and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. A: Visualization of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in t(4;14) multiple myeloma (MM) cells after treatment with ivermectin using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) diacetate staining. ROS is represented by the green DCF fluorescence viewed under a fluorescence microscope at 200× magnification. Scale bar: 50 μm. B: Mitochondrial membrane potential in t(4;14) MM cells post-ivermectin treatment assessed using JC-1 staining; C: The data are shown as the means ± SD of three independent experiments; D: Expression patterns of p65, p-p65, p-IκBα, and IκBα in t(4;14) MM cells after exposure to ivermectin, analyzed by western blotting; E: The data are shown as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, and ^cP < 0.001 compared with the control group.