Targeting KRAS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Progress in demystifying the holy grail

Figure 3 Kirsten rat sarcoma virus signaling network and targeted therapy. A schematic of the two major Kirsten rat sarcoma virus pathways driving cell survival and drugs that target them. KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma virus; AKT: Protein kinase; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; PIP: Prolactin-induced protein; ERK: Extracellular regulated protein kinases; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RAF: Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; SHP2: Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2; SOS: Son of sevenless.