Interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes in extramedullary multiple myeloma over the past two decades

Table 3 Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of factors affecting all-cause mortality and extramedullary disease multiple myeloma related mortality among United States patients between 2000 and 2017

Characteristics	Overall mortality	EMD MM mortality
	Adjusted proportional hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
Gender
Female	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Male	1.256 (0.989-1.594)a	1.022 (0.748-1.397)
Age at diagnosis, yr
0-39	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
40-59	2.206 (1.047-4.647)b	3.154 (0.957-10.395)a
60-79	4.129 (1.974-8.635)c	5.667 (1.738-18.48)c
80+	9.792 (4.403-21.774)c	13.672 (3.915-47.746)c
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Non-Hispanic black	1.315 (0.96-1.802)a	1.34 (0.884-2.03)
Hispanic	1.034 (0.734-1.457)	0.833 (0.506-1.371)
Other	1.25 (0.743-2.104)	1.741 (0.916-3.308)a
Extramedullary site
CNS and vertebral column	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Bones, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and soft tissues of the trunk	1.401 (0.996-1.972)a	1.046 (0.664-1.649)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, and connective tissues of the pelvis and sacrum	0.98 (0.671-1.432)	1.091 (0.689-1.729)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and lymph nodes of the upper extremities	1.024 (0.661-1.586)	0.672 (0.353-1.279)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, and connective tissues of the lower extremities	1.488 (0.909-2.436)	1.382 (0.733-2.605)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and lymph nodes of the face and skull	0.99 (0.641-1.53)	0.76 (0.414-1.394)
Other bones, NOS	1.195 (0.694-2.058)	1.199 (0.629-2.284)
Eyes, mouth, and ENT	0.902 (0.631-1.29)	0.425 (0.235-0.768)c
Lung, breast, and mediastinum	1.187 (0.628-2.246)	0.959 (0.392-2.346)
Gastrointestinal tract	0.677 (0.303-1.512)	0.383 (0.114-1.283)
Skin	0.327 (0.08-1.34)	0.325 (0.044-2.394)
Kidney, suprarenal glands, and retroperitoneum	3.055 (0.881-10.601)a	0.865 (0.108-6.901)
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	0.957 (0.715-1.282)	0.778 (0.512-1.181)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	0.819 (0.523-1.282)	0.85 (0.47-1.539)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.997 (0.653-1.522)	0.836 (0.461-1.516)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.877 (0.533-1.442)	0.757 (0.379-1.512)
Income per year
< $35000	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
$35000-44999	0.48 (0.21-1.095)a	0.381 (0.14-1.036)a
$45000-54999	0.452 (0.196-1.04)a	0.375 (0.135-1.044)a
$55000-64,999	0.446 (0.192-1.036)a	0.275 (0.096-0.788)b
$65000-74999	0.413 (0.173-0.983)b	0.381 (0.129-1.121)a
$75000+	0.324 (0.134-0.783)b	0.29 (0.095-0.878)b
Marital status
Married	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Single	1.5 (1.079-2.086)b	1.668 (1.089-2.556)b
Divorced/separated	1.49 (1.037-2.139)b	1.463 (0.908-2.355)
Widowed	1.609 (1.101-2.35)b	2.085 (1.275-3.409)c

^aP < 0.1.

^bP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.01.

EMD: Extramedullary disease; MM: Multiple myeloma; CNS: Central Nervous System; NOS: Not otherwise specified.