Interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes in extramedullary multiple myeloma over the past two decades

Table 2 Crude analysis of factors associated with all-cause mortality and extramedullary multiple myeloma; related mortality among United States patients between 2000 and 2017

Characteristics	Overall mortality	EMD MM mortality
	Crude proportional-hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
Gender
Female	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Male	1.02 (0.826-1.259)	0.804 (0.611-1.056)
Age at diagnosis, yr
0-39	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
40-59	1.683 (0.82-3.452)	2.409 (0.754-7.696)
60-79	3.271 (1.615-6.627)c	4.918 (1.565-15.461)c
80+	6.951 (3.299-14.647)c	10.111 (3.083-33.159)c
Race
Non-Hispanic white	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Non-Hispanic black	1.339 (1.02-1.759)b	1.446 (1.017-2.055)b
Hispanic	0.991 (0.719-1.365)	0.791 (0.495-1.263)
Other	1.016 (0.63-1.639)	1.209 (0.67-2.179)
Extramedullary site
CNS and vertebral column	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Bones, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and soft tissues of the trunk	1.53 (1.113-2.102)c	1.187 (0.774-1.82)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, and connective tissues of the pelvis and sacrum	1.027 (0.716-1.475)	1.15 (0.746-1.772)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and lymph nodes of the upper extremities	1.036 (0.682-1.573)	0.718 (0.391-1.32)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, and connective tissues of the lower extremities	1.668 (1.058-2.63)b	1.466 (0.814-2.642)
Bones, soft tissues, subcutaneous tissues, connective tissues, and lymph nodes of the face and skull	1.135 (0.756-1.702)	0.919 (0.529-1.598)
Other bones, NOS	1.74 (1.043-2.902)b	1.887 (1.044-3.411)b
Eyes, mouth, and ENT	0.929 (0.668-1.293)	0.451 (0.259-0.783)c
Lung, breast, and mediastinum	1.588 (0.895-2.816)	1.278 (0.589-2.773)
Gastrointestinal tract	0.787 (0.367-1.688)	0.55 (0.174-1.745)
Skin	0.241 (0.06-0.974)b	0.195 (0.027-1.403)
Kidney, suprarenal glands, and retroperitoneum	1.861 (0.591-5.86)	0.907 (0.126-6.531)
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	1.021 (0.789-1.322)	0.803 (0.556-1.158)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	0.794 (0.538-1.17)	0.8 (0.482-1.327)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.099 (0.775-1.559)	0.937 (0.578-1.518)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.191 (0.798-1.779)	1.105 (0.647-1.888)
Income per year
< $35000	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
$35000-44999	0.457 (0.213-0.984)b	0.412 (0.167-1.014)a
$45000-54999	0.356 (0.17-0.745)c	0.33 (0.139-0.782)b
$55000-64999	0.358 (0.174-0.737)c	0.236 (0.101-0.554)c
$65000-74999	0.328 (0.158-0.681)c	0.292 (0.124-0.685)c
$75000+	0.259 (0.125-0.538)c	0.24 (0.102-0.563)c
Marital status
Married	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Single	1.305 (0.967-1.763)a	1.515 (1.027-2.236)b
Divorced/separated	1.531 (1.094-2.142)b	1.681 (1.084-2.605)b
Widowed	2.107 (1.511-2.938)c	2.463 (1.612-3.765)c

^aP < 0.1.

^bP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.01.

EMD: Extramedullary disease; MM: Multiple myeloma; CNS: Central Nervous System; NOS: Not otherwise specified.