Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Table 1 Comparisons of patients’ characteristics according to the presence of lymph node metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm

Variables		Total (n = 82)	N- (n = 72)	N+ (n = 10)	P value
Age, median (range)		59 (18-81)	58 (18-80)	63 (18-81)	0.65
Gender (male/female)		41/41	35/37	6/4	0.50
Tumor size, median, mm (range)		12 (5-90)	12 (5-90)	37 (12-75)	0.0001
Tumor number (single/multiple)		68/14	59/13	9/1	0.50
Tumor location (Ph/Pb/Pt/Ph and Pt)		32/23/25/2	23/22/25/2	9/1/0/0	0.15
Symptoms (yes/no)		35/47	31/41	4/6	0.85
CT Enhancement (hyper/hypo)		72/10	64/8	8/2	0.17
Type of PNEN, n (%)					NS
Insulinoma		26 (32)	26	0
Gastrinoma		2 (2.5)	1	1
Glucagonoma		2 (2.5)	2	0
VIPoma		1 (1)	1	0
Non functional		51 (62)	42	9
WHO classification 2017, n (%)					0.0009
NET G1		70 (85)	66	4 (6%)
NET G2		9 (11)	5	4 (44%)
NET G3/NEC		3 (4)	1	2 (67%)
Surgical procedure, n (%)					NS
Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD)		23 (28)	15	8
Distal pancreatectomy (DP)		38 (46)	37	1
PD + DP		2 (2.5)	2	0
Enucleation/partial pancreatectomy		19 (23)	18	1

N⁻: Negative for lymph node metastasis; N⁺: Positive for lymph node metastasis; NEN: Neuroendocrine neoplasms; WHO: World Health Organization; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; PD: Pancreatoduodenectomy; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; CT: Computed tomography; PNEN: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm. NS: Not significant.