Outcomes after natural orifice extraction vs conventional specimen extraction surgery for colorectal cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis

Table 3 Comparison of characteristics between laparoscopic 3-port colorectal natural orifice specimen extraction surgery with a propensity score-matched cohort of conventional surgery

Characteristic	NOSE, n = 14 Frequency (%)	Non-NOSE, n = 56 Frequency (%)	P value
Age, mean ± SD (yr)	67.4 ± 12.4	73.1 ± 10.2	0.182
Gender
Male	5 (35.7)	21 (37.5)	0.765
Female	9 (64.3)	35 (62.5)
BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m2)	24.8 ± 3.5	24.0 ± 4.1	0.526
ASA score
1	1 (7.1)	1 (1.8)	0.265
2	8 (57.1)	43 (76.8)
3	5 (35.7)	12 (21.4)
Tumor location
Caecum to transverse colon	2 (14.3)	18 (32.1)	0.219
Splenic flexure to sigmoid	9 (64.3)	22 (39.3)
Rectum	3 (21.4)	16 (28.6)
Surgery
Anterior resection	7 (50.0)	23 (41.1)	0.576
Low anterior resection	3 (21.4)	13 (23.2)
Left hemicolectomy	2 (14.3)	3 (5.4)
Right hemicolectomy	2 (14.3)	17 (30.4)
Defunctioning stoma creation
Yes	3 (21.4)	9 (16.1)	0.634
No	11 (78.6)	47 (83.9)
AJCC pT stage
T1	4 (28.6)	7 (12.5)	0.527
T2	2 (14.3)	10 (17.9)
T3	7 (50)	33 (58.9)
T4	1 (7.1)	6 (10.7)
AJCC pN stage
N0	6 (42.9)	33 (58.9)	0.236
N1	7 (50.0)	15 (26.8)
N2	1 (7.1)	8 (14.3)
M stage
M0	13 (92.9)	55 (98.2)	0.282
M1	1 (7.1)	1 (1.8)
Stage
I	4 (28.6)	13 (23.2)	0.162
II	1 (7.1)	20 (35.7)
III	8 (57.1)	22 (39.3)
IV	1 (7.1)	1 (1.8)

NOSE: Natural orifice specimen extraction; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists score; BMI: Body mass index; SD: Standard deviation, AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging 8^th Edition.