Metastatic disease to the liver: Locoregional therapy strategies and outcomes

Table 1 Summary of locoregional therapy options for metastatic disease to the liver

Modality	Techniques	Risks
TAE	Particulate or liquid embolic agents	PES, liver abscess, liver biloma, liver failure
TACE	Conventional emulsified chemotherapeutic agent (c-TACE) or drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE)	PES, liver abscess, liver biloma, liver failure
TARE	Yttrium-90 radioisotope loaded on microspheres	REILD, PRS, liver failure, liver abscess, liver biloma
Ablation	Radiofrequency, microwaves, laser, cooling, alternating and direct current	PAS, bleeding, damage to surrounding structures

PES: Post-embolization syndrome; REILD: Radioembolization-induced liver disease; PRS: Post-radioembolization syndrome; PAS: Post-ablation syndrome; TAE: Transarterial embolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: Transarterial radioembolization.