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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Oncol. Apr 24, 2021; 12(4): 195-216
Published online Apr 24, 2021. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i4.195
Published online Apr 24, 2021. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i4.195
Table 5 Clinical stage of thymic epithelial tumours: International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group tumor-node-metastasis
Stage | Description | |
Primary tumor (T) | ||
T1 | T1a | Encapsulated or unencapsulated, with or without extension into mediastinal fat |
T1b | Extension into mediastinal pleura | |
T2 | Direct invasion of the pericardium (partial or full thickness) | |
T3 | Direct invasion of the lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, chest wall, phrenic nerveand/or hilar (extrapericardial) pulmonary vessels | |
T4 | Direct invasion of the aorta, main pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, or esophagus | |
Lymph nodes (N) | ||
N0 | No nodal involvement | |
N1 | Anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes (IASLC levels 1, 3a, 6 and/or supradiaphragmatic/inferior phrenic/pericardial) | |
N2 | Deep cervical or intrathoracic nodes (IASLC levels 2, 4, 5, 7, 10 and/or internal mammary nodes) | |
Distant metastasis (M) | ||
M0 | No pleural, pericardial, or distant metastases | |
M1 | M1a | Pleural or pericardial nodules |
M1b | Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis | |
TNM stage | MASOKA-KOGA stage | |
I | T1N0M0 | I, IIA, IIB, III |
II | T2N0M0 | III |
IIIA | T3N0M0 | III |
IIIB | T4N0M0 | III |
IVA | Any T, N0-1, M0-1a | IVA, IVB |
IVB | Any T, N0-2, M0-1b | IVB |
- Citation: Rico M, Flamarique S, Casares C, García T, López M, Martínez M, Serrano J, Blanco M, Hernanz R, de Ingunza-Barón L, Marcos FJ, Couñago F. GOECP/SEOR radiotherapy guidelines for thymic epithelial tumours. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12(4): 195-216
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v12/i4/195.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v12.i4.195