Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies

Figure 3 Intracellular signal transduction map. A: Intracellular signal transduction in liver regeneration; B: Ligand overlap and receptor binding redundancy; C: Intracellular cross talk between signalling pathways. HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; IL6: Interleukin 6; TNF: Tumour necrosis factor; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; RTK: Receptor tyrosine kinase family (including HGF receptor, FGF receptor, VEGF receptor, EGF receptor); GPCR: G protein coupled receptor; IL6R: Interleukin 6 receptor; TNFR: Tumour necrosis factor receptor; TLR: Toll like receptor; RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK: signalling components downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase; AKT: Akt kinase (also known as protein kinase B); mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; JAK: Janus Kinase; STAT3: Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3; YAP: Yes-associated protein; NFκb: Nuclear factor kappa B.