New challenges in the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

Table 4 Ongoing clinical trials of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor combination in locally advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer in the concomitant setting

Ref.	Phase	Design	No.of patients	Tumor stage	RT	ICI agent	Sequence	Status
ARCHON-1, NCT03801902[85]	1; 2 RT arms	ICI + RT	24	Unresectable II-III	Conventional RT (60 Gy/30 fx); Hypofractionated RT (60 Gy/15 fx)	Durvalumab	Concomitant with definitive RT	Recruiting
PARTICLE-D, NCT03818776[86]	1; 2 RT arms (proton beam therapy	ICI + RT	27	Unresectable III	RT 60 Gy/20 fx; RT 63 Gy/23 fx	Durvalumab	Concomitant with definitive RT	Recruiting
NCT04013542[87]	1	ICI + RT	20	II-III	Conventional RT	Ipilimumab + Nivolumab	Concomitant with definitive RT and consolidation (nivolumab)	Recruiting
NCT03663166[88]	1; 2	Concomitant CRT + ICI +/- consolidative ICI	50	Unresectable III	60 Gy/30 fx	Ipilimumab +/-Nivolumab	Concomitant definitive treatment +/- consolidative ICI	Recruiting
SPRINT,NCT03523702[54]	2	ICI + RT (if PD-L1 ≥ 50%) ; CRT (if PD-L1 < 50%)	63	Unresectable III	Conventional RT	Pembrolizumab	Concomitant with definitive RT	Recruiting
KEYNOTE-799, NCT03631784[89]	2	Concomitant ICI + CRT (platinum doublet) followed by ICI	216	Unresectable III	60 Gy/30 fx	Pembrolizumab	Concomitante and consolidative	Active, not recruiting
NCT04092283[90]	3 randomized	Concomitant CRT + ICI vs CRT followed by ICI (CT: Cisplatin + VP16/ Taxol + Carboplatin/ Cisplatin + Pemetrexed)	660	Unresectable III	60 Gy/30 fx	Durvalumab	Concomitant with definitive treatment vs adjuvant ICI	Recruiting
PACIFIC 2, NCT03519971[91]	3 randomized, double-blinded	ICI vs placebo concomitant to CRT (CDDP-VP16 vs Carbo-Taxol vs Cisplatin or Carbo + Pemetrexed)	328	Unresectable III	Conventional RT (60 Gy in 30 fx)	Durvalumab	Concomitant +/- consolidative	Active, not recruiting
NCT04026412[92]	3 randomized	ICI (nivolumab) + CRT followed by ICI (nivolumab + ipilimumab) vs ICI (nivolumab) + CRT followed by ICI (nivolumab) vs CRT followed by durvalumab	1400	Unresectable/inoperable III	Conventional RT	Nivolumab; Ipilimumab; Durvalumab	Concomitant + 2 consolidation regimens vs consolidation after CRT	Recruiting

RT: Radiotherapy; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; CT: Chemotherapy; ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Gy: Gray.