Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Table 3 Unsuccessful combination therapy trials

Combination therapy	TrialPhase	Comparator	Side-effect profile	Comments	Ref.
Bevacizumab + sunitinib	I	3 cohorts of escalating doses of Sunitinib	High degree of hypertension, vascular and hematologic toxicities, leading to discontinuation in 48%		[30]
Bevacizumab + everolimus	II		Increased proteinuria, pulmonary embolism, stomatitis and anorexia leading to discontinuation in 14%		[31]
Everolimus + sorafenib	I		Discontinuation due to high gastrointestinal toxicity and grade 3 rash		[32]
Temsirolimus + IFN-α	III	IFN-α		Failed to improve overall survival	[33]
Tremelimumb + sunitinib	I		Rapid onset renal failure		[34]