Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Table 1 Renal cell carcinoma prognostic models

Model	Prognostic factors	Prognostic risk groups
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center[6]	(1) Interval from diagnosis to treatment of less than 1 year; (2) Karnofsky performance status less than 80%; (3) Serum lactate dehydrogenase greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); (3) Corrected serum calcium greater than the ULN; and (4) Serum hemoglobin less than the lower limit of normal	(1) Low-risk group: No prognostic factors; (2) Intermediate-risk group: One or two prognostic factors; and (3) Poor-risk group: Three or more prognostic factors
International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium[7]	(1) Less than one year from time of diagnosis to systemic therapy; (2) Performance status < 80% (Karnofsky); (3) Hemoglobin < lower limit of normal; (4) Calcium > upper limit of normal; (5) Neutrophil > upper limit of normal; and (6) Platelets > upper limit of normal	(1) Favorable-risk group: No prognostic factors; (2) Intermediate-risk group: One or two prognostic factors; and (3) Poor-risk group: Three to six prognostic factors
Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis Staging System for Kidney Cancer[5]	(A) Primary tumor (T): (1) Primary tumor cannot be assessed (TX); (2) No evidence of primary tumor (T0); (3) Tumor ≤ 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney (T1); (4) Tumor > 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney (T2); (5) Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota’s Fascia (T3); and (6) Tumor invades beyond Gerota’s fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland) (T4); (B) Regional Lymph Nodes (N): (1) Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed (NX); (2) No regional lymph node metastasis (N0); and (3) Metastasis in regional lymph node(s) (N1); and (C) Distant Metastasis (M): (1) No distant metastasis (M0); and (2) Distant metastasis (M1)	Stage I: T: T1; N: N0; M: M0; Stage II: T: T2; N: N0; M: M0; Stage III: T: T1-T2; N: N1; M: M0; and T: T3; N: NX,N0-N1; M: M0; Stage IV: T: T4; N: Any N; M: M0; and T: Any T; N: Any N; M: M1

RCC: Renal cell carcinoma.