Existing anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer progressing following first-line bevacizumab-based therapy

Table 1 Food and Drug Administration-approved antiangiogenic drugs for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

Agent	Class	Target	Indication	Approved for	Recommended dose
Bevacizumab	Humanized Moab	VEGF-A	First- and second-line	Use in combination with oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy	5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg i.v. every 2 wk
Aflibercept	Fully human Moab	VEGF-A, -B, and PIGF	Second-line	Use in combination with FOLFIRI	4 mg/kg i.v. every 2 wk
Ramucirumab	Fully human Moab	The extracellular domain of VEGFR-2	Second-line	Use in combination with FOLFIRI	8 mg/kg i.v. every 2 wk
Regorafenib	Oral multikinase inhibitor	VEGFR-1, -2, and -3 (in addition to RET, KIT, PDGFR, and FGFR	Beyond second-line	Single-use	160 mg once daily, days 1-21 of 28-d cycle

Moab: Monoclonal antibody; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PIFG: Placental growth factor; PDGF: Platelet derived growth factor; FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor; FOLFIRI: 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan.