Oligometastases in prostate cancer: Ablative treatment

Table 1 Summary of selected publications reporting stereotactic body radiation therapy for mixed and bones oligometastatic prostate cancer

Ref.	Study type	No. patients/lesions	No. of metastases	Imaging method	Site of metastases	SBRT schedules	LC	PFS
Mixed
Jereczek-Fossa et al[56]	R	34/38	Single pelvic LN and/or single distant lesion	CT, BS, Choline PET	Bone, LN, local recurrence	30-36 Gy/3-5 fr	88% (16.9 mo)	42.6% (30 mo)
Ahmed et al[49]	P	17/21	≤ 5	Choline PET/CT, MRI, CT	Bone, LN, Liver	Median dose 20 Gy (8-24 Gy/1-3 fr), 50 Gy/5 fr (LN), 60 Gy/3 fr (Liver)	100% (6 mo)	74% (6 mo), 40% (1 yr)
Berkovic et al[45]	R	24/29	≤ 3	BS, 18F-FDG PET/TC, Choline PET/TC	Bone, LN	Median dose 50 Gy (40-50)/8-10 fr	100% (2 yr)	72% (1 yr), 42% (2 yr)
Decaestecker et al[34]	P	50/70	≤ 3	18F-FDG PET/TC, Choline PET/TC	Bone, LN, Viscera	50 Gy/10 fr, 30 Gy/3 fr	100% (2 yr)	64% (1 yr), 35% (2 yr)
Pasqualetti et al[57]	P	29/45	≤ 3	Choline PET/CT	Bone, LN	24 Gy/1 fr, 27 Gy/3 fr	Median 11.5 mo	NR
Muldermans et al[30]	R	66/81	< 5	Choline PET/CT, MRI, CT, BS	Bone, LN, Liver	Median dose 16 Gy (16-24)/1 fr, 30 Gy/3 fr, 50 Gy/5 fr	82% (2 yr)	45% (2 yr)
Bouman-Wammes et al[48]	R	43/54	≤ 4	Choline PET/CT	Bone, LN	30 Gy/3 fr, 45 Gy/3 fr, 35 Gy/5 fr	NR	Median 31.5 mo
Triggiani et al[47]	R	OR: 100/139, OP: 41/70	≤ 3	OR: Choline PET, CT and BS, OP: Choline PET, CT/scintigraphy	Bone, LN	BED 116 (80–216.6) Gy	OR: 92.8% (2 yr), OP: 90.2% (2 yr)	OR: 43% (2 yr), OP: 22% (2 yr)
Pasqualetti et al[46]	P	51/78	≤ 5	Choline PET/CT	Bone, LN	24 Gy/1 fr, 27 Gy/3 fr	98.7% (1 yr), 97.4% (2 yr)	NR
Ost et al[20] (STOMP)	P	Surveillance: 31/65, MDT: 31/51	≤ 3	Choline PET/CT	Extracranial	N = 25 SBRT 30 Gy/3 fr	Median FU (3 yr), MDT: 100%, Surveillance: 19.3%	NR
Siva et al[26] (POPSTART)	P	33 /50	≤ 3	CT/BS /18F-NaF PET	Bone, LN	20 Gy/1 fr	97% (1 yr), 93% (2 yr)	58% (1 yr), 39% (2 yr)
Conde et al[50]	P	67 (100)	≤ 4	Choline PET/CT, NMR Diffusion	Bone, LN	45 Gy/6 fr, 30 Gy/3 fr	100% (Median FU 9 mo)	Median 21 mo, OR: 22.9 mo, OP: 8.7 mo
Bone
Muacevic et al[31]	P	40/64	≤ 2	Choline PET/CT	Bone	Mean dose 20.2 Gy (16.5-22 Gy)/1 fr	95.5% (2 yr)	NR
Habl et al[58]	R	15/20	≤ 5	Choline PET/CT, 68Ga-PSMA-PET	Bone	25-35 Gy/5 fr	100% (2 yr)	Median 7.3 mo
Fanetti et al[59]	R	55/77	≤ 5	Choline-PET/CT, MRI, CT, 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT	Bone	24 Gy/3 fr (+ frequent)	83% (1 yr)	56% (1 yr)

BED: Biologically effective dose; BS: Bone scan; CT: Computed tomography; 18F-FDG: [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose; 68Ga-PSMA: 68-Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen; LC: Local control; LN: Lymph node; MDT: Metastasis-directed therapy; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; 18F-NaF: 18F Sodium Fluoride; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; NR: Not reported; OP: Oligoprogressive; OR: Oligorrecurrent; PET/CT: Positron emission tomography with coregistered computed tomography; P: Prospective; PFS: Progression free survival; R: Retrospective.