Phage therapy: An alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance

Table 2 Recently published findings on phage lytic enzymes

	Lytic enzyme	Model	Target pathogens	Result summary	Ref.
Phage-derived lysins	ABgp46	In vitro	MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium	Cross-inoculation significantly reduced bacterial density	[64]
	PlyF307	Murine	MDR A. baumannii	i.p. treatment rescued mice from lethal bacteremia	[65]
	Cpl-1	Murine	Streptococcus pneumoniae	i.p. treatment rescued mice from lethal pneumonia	[66]
	Cocktail of 6 distinct lysins	In vitro and murine in vivo	MRSA	Effective against biofilms in vitro and protected mice from lethal sepsis	[67]
	PlyCD	In vitro and ex vivo	Clostridium difficile	Reduced C. difficile colonization	[68]
	PlySs2	Murine	Streptococcus pyogenes and MRSA	i.p. treatment reduced mortality from lethal bacteremia	[69]
	PlyG	In vitro	Bacillus anthracis	Eliminated B. anthracis spores and vegetative cells	[71]
Bioengineered chimeric lysins	CHAPK	In vitro	MRSA	Eliminated MRSA and dispersed biofilms	[72]
	ClyH	Murine	MRSA	Treatment rescued mice from bacteremia	[73]
	Cpl-711	Murine	S. pneumoniae	Treatment rescued mice from bacteremia	[74]
	Ply187	Murine	Staphylococcus aureus	Prevented bacterial endophthalmitis	[75]
	Artilysins	Nematode gut	P. aeruginosa	Decolonized P. aeruginosa from gut	[76]
		Human keratinocytes	A. baumannii	Protected cells from bacterial challenge	[76]
Lysin and antibiotic combination therapy	CF-301	Murine	MRSA	Lysin treatment was most effective when combined with vancomycin or daptomycin	[77]
	MR-10	Murine	Burn wound infection	Lysin treatment was most effective when combined with minocycline	[78]

MDR: Multi-drug-resistant; i.p.: Intraperitoneal injection; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus.