Psychotropic drugs and liver disease: A critical review of pharmacokinetics and liver toxicity

Table 3 Antipsychotics and liver toxicity

	Epidemiology	Type of lesion	Mechanism
Typical
Cloropromazine	Jaundice: 0.16%-0.3%[99] Severe DILI: > 350[100,101,115-124] Fatal Injury: 8[102-109]	Cholestatic	Immuno-allergic
Haloperidol	ALT > 3ULN: 2%[110] Severe DILI: 1[111]	Cholestatic	Immuno-allergic
Atypical
Clozapine	ALT > 3ULN: 15%[125] Severe DILI: 16[126-140] Fatal Injury: 2[141,142]	Hepatocellular Cholestatic Chronic esteatosis	Immuno-allergic Chronic estatosis
Olanzapine	ALT > 3ULN: 6%[143] Severe DILI: 7[139,144-149]	Hepatocellular Cholestatic Chronic esteatosis	Immuno-allergic, Chronic estatosis
Risperidone	ALT > 3ULN: 3%[150] Severe DILI: 13[150-162]	Hepatocellular Cholestatic Chronic esteatosis	Immuno-allergic Chronic estatosis
Quetiapine	ALT > 3ULN: 0%[143] Severe DILI: 3[151,163,164] Fatal injury: 2[165,166]	?	?
Ziprasidone	Not reported Severe DILI: 1[167]	?	?
Aripiprazole	Not reported
Amissulpride	Not reported

DILI: Drug-induced liver injury; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ULN: Upper normal limit.