Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in treatment of anismus: A systematic review

Table 3 Characteristics of the studies included

Ref.	Country	Type	n	Male	Mean age (yr)	Duration of complaint (mo)	Follow up (mo)	Dose of BTX-A (IU)	Site of injection
Shafik et al[17]	Egypt	Prospective	15	2	41.2	105.6	14.6	25	Lateral (3, 9 o’clock)
Ron et al[18]	Israel	Prospective	24	9	23.7	Not reported	61.0	10-20	Lateral and posterior
Maria et al[19]	Italy	Prospective	24	10	56.0	28.0	39.0	60	Lateral (3, 9 o’clock)
Farid et al[12]	Egypt	Prospective RCT	15	15	34.7	71.1	14.7	100	Lateral (5, 7 o’clock)
Farid et al[20]	Egypt	Prospective RCT	24	7	34.7	Not reported	12.0	100	Lateral (5, 7 o’clock)
Hompes et al[21]	United Kingdom	Retrospective	56	20	47.5	Not reported	19.2	100	Lateral (3, 9 o’clock)
Zhang et al[22]	China	Retrospective	31	18	50.1	67.2	8.4	100	Lateral and posterior (3, 6, 9 o’clock)

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; BTX-A: Botulinum toxin type A.