Nutritional and health benefits of semi-elemental diets: A comprehensive summary of the literature

Table 3 Selected studies of semi-elemental whey hydrolyzed protein diets and stroke

Ref.	Study population	Design	Feeding mode (comparison)	No. patients (comparison)	Feeding duration	Relevant results1
de Aguilar- Nascimento et al[40]	Elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke	RCT	NG feeding with Peptamen (Hiper-diet Energy Plus, standard formula containing hydrolyzed casein)	10 (15)	5 d	Mortality: 3/10 in Peptamen group, 4/15 in the casein group (P = 1.0) ICU length of stay: 16 ± 8 d in the Peptamen group, 16 ± 5 d in the casein group (P = 0.97) IL-6 (pg/dL): Peptamen group: 62.7 ± 56.2 to 20.6 ± 10.3 Casein group: 64.3 ± 40.3 to 42.0 ± 26.7 (P = 0.03 between group difference) Glutathione (U/G Hb): Peptamen group: 32.2 ± 2.1 to 39.9 ± 4.8 Casein group: 30.0 ± 5.0 to 26.2 ± 6.7 (P = 0.03 between group difference) Glucose (mg/dL) Peptamen group: 132 ± 19 to 139 ± 18 Casein group: 148 ± 20 to 214 ± 43 (P = 0.17 between group difference)
Miyazaki et al[41]	Severe acute stroke patients requiring tube feeding	Retrospective follow-up study	Peptamen through an enteral feeding tube (mein, normal protein enteral formula)	37 (35)	1 wk	In hospital mortality: 2.7% in the Peptamen group, 22.9% in the Mein group (P < 0.05) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, median): 35 mg/dL in the Peptamen group, 23 mg/dL in the Mein group (P < 0.05)

¹Numerous results are reported within individual studies, please refer to the studies for a full summary of results. RCT: Randomized controlled clinical trial; NG: Nasogastric; ICU: Intensive care unit.