Disaccharidase activity in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A systematic review

Table 3 Description of 9 studies examining intestinal disaccharides in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy with sample size greater than 200

Ref.	Histology; association between histology and disaccharidase activity	Underlying condition/symptoms	Sample size, % male	Age range, mean	Ethnicity	Lactase (μmol/min per gram) mean	Sucrase (μmol/min per gram) mean	Maltase (μmol/min per gram) mean	Palatinase (μmol/min per gram) mean
Ethnic differences in intestinal disaccharidase values in children in Finland (2000) Kolho et al[28] Finland	No abnormalities	Abdominal pain, vomiting, suspected celiac disease, suspected inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, constipation, diarrhea, feeding problems, anemia, other	223, 55.20%	Finnish: 0.2-18 yr, median: 8.0 yr African: 1-13 yr, median: 5.0 yr Other: 4.5-15 yr, median: 12 yr	188 Finnish (84%) 27 African (12%) 8 other (4%)	23.4	48.1	186.3	Not reported
Intestinal lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase in 373 patients with coeliac disease (1984) O’Grady et al[17] Ireland	Mucosal inflammation; Association present for lactase and sucrase	Celiac disease	230 sex not reported	1-18 yr, Mean not reported	Not reported	14.05 (data from 45 patients)	33.9 (data from 45 patients)	Not reported	Not reported
Disaccharidase activities in children: Normal values and comparison based on symptoms and histological changes (1999) Gupta et al[9] United States	Villous atrophy; Association present for lactase, sucrase, maltase, and palatinase	Group 1: Recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, hematemesis, failure to thrive Group 2: All had diarrhea (included patients with celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, parasitic infestation, and congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency)	232, 47.80%	0.08-17 yr 5.9 yr	Not reported	18.3	37.9	169.1	12.7
Disaccharidase activities in small intestinal mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (1978) Antonowicz et al[19] United States	Villous atrophy; Association present for lactase	Cystic fibrosis Chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, abdominal pain, vomiting, crying baby, other	240 sex not reported	Range and mean not reported	Caucasian	31.1	64	241	19.8
Disaccharidase activites in Belgian children: Reference intervals and comparison with non- Belgian Caucasian children (2003) Blomme et al[13] Belgium	Mucosal inflammation and villous atrophy; Association present for lactase, sucrase, and maltase		185 60.50%	Belgian: 0.1-12 yr, Median: 1.3 yr Caucasian: 0.2-8 yr, Median: 1.3 yr	151 Belgian (82%) 34 non-Belgian Caucasian (18%)	(median values) Group A: 40 (6-122) Group B: 28 Group C: 7 Non-Belgian: 33 (5-70)	(median values) Group A: 69 (18-184) Group B: 54 Group C: 25 Non-Belgian: 63 (10-125)	(median values) Group A: 208 Group B: 181 Group C: 96 Non-Belgian: 186	Not reported
Intestinal Disaccharidase Activites in Relation to Age, Race, and Mucosal Damage (1978) Welsh et al[7] United States	No abnormalities	Mucosal damage	399 sex not reported	1 mo-93 yr, mean not reported	339 Caucasian (85%) 53 African (13%)	35.9	76.5	262.2	26.6
“Normal” disaccharidase levels in children (1988) Barnes et al[34] Australia	No abnormalities	Failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, short stature, family history of celiac disease, iron deficiency anemia, food hypersensitivity	580 sex not reported	0-12 yr, mean not reported	7 Native American (2%) Not reported	3.9 (measured in U/g wet weight)	6.4 (measured in U/g wet weight)	19.1 (measured in U/g wet weight)	Not reported
Human intestinal disaccharidase activities: Correlations with age, biopsy technique, and degree of villus atrophy (1991) Heitlinger et al[18] United States	Mucosal inflammation and villous atrophy; Association present for lactase and maltase	Not reported	798 sex not reported	0-18 yr, Mean not reported	Not reported	23.3	52.5	145.8	11.6
Frequency of sucrase deficiency in mucosal biopsies (2012) Nichols et al[4] United States	Not reported	Not reported	27875 % male not reported	0-93.5 yr, 11 yr	Not reported	21.8	56.5	167.6	11.3