Copyright
©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Feb 6, 2016; 7(1): 66-77
Published online Feb 6, 2016. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.66
Published online Feb 6, 2016. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.66
Mechanism | Evidence | Ref. |
Atopy | Reactivity to allergens by skin-prick testing | [46,47,49,50,52,54] |
Presence of specific serum IgE | ||
Experimental evidence in animals undergone nasal inoculation with allergens | ||
Strong association with other allergic diseases | ||
High association with food-induced allergen-specific IgE | ||
Abundant IgG4-containing plasma cells | ||
Food | Disease activity is responsive to elemental diets | [55] |
Aeroallergens | Severity of disease affected by seasonal variations which correlate with pollen counts | [56] |
Chemo attractants | Increased IL-13 supports eosinophil migration by stimulating the chemo attractants production | [43,63,64,66,67,68,69] |
Increased levels of eotaxin-3 | ||
Gene-encoding eotaxin-3 the most highly induced gene in EoE patients | ||
Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eotaxin-3 gene associated with disease susceptibility | ||
Mice deficient in the eotaxin receptor (CCR3) protected from experimental EoE | ||
Mast cells | Increased number of mast cells in the esophageal epithelium | [70,71] |
Mast cells linked to IgE | ||
TGF-β | Obstructive symptoms seem to occur secondary to epithelial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, processes linked to eosinophil-derived TGF-β | [61] |
TGF-β is known to increase smooth muscle cell hyperplasia | ||
Leukotriene C4 | Leukotriene C4 is metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4 both of which stimulate smooth muscle contraction | [74] |
- Citation: Guarino MPL, Cicala M, Behar J. Eosinophilic esophagitis: New insights in pathogenesis and therapy. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7(1): 66-77
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v7/i1/66.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.66