Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a-/- mice

Table 1 Histopathological scores of cecal tissue

Microscopic parameter	FVBWT vehicle (n = 6)	mdr1a-/- vehicle (n = 10)	mdr1a-/-P. vulgaris (n = 7)
Mucosal height (μm)	3.5 ± 0.2a	4.6 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.2
Ulceration	0.2 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.4
Inflammation	1.3 ± 0.2b	3.6 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.4c
Edema	0.7 ± 0.5a	2.4 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3c
Stromal collapse (necrosis)	0.0 ± 0.0a	1.7 ± 0.4	0.5 ± 0.4
Gland hyperplasia	1.2 ± 0.2b	2.8 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.3c
Additive cecal score	6.9 ± 0.9b	17.0 ± 1.2	11.1 ±1.5
Mice exhibiting cecal neutrophil infiltrate	17%b	100%	38%c

Average values are shown here ± standard error of the mean except where noted.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 compared to mdr1a^-/- vehicle with Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.

^cP < 0.05 compared to mdr1a^-/- vehicle with Mann-Whitney test.