Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia: Not a breath of fresh air after all?

Table 5 Hospital-acquired pneumonia according to acid-suppressive exposure

Outcome	Acid-suppressive exposure (%)	No acid-suppressive exposure (%)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Propensity-matched
Number of patients	32 922	30 956	63 878	32 792
HAP	1609 (4.9)	610 (2.0)	1.3 (1.1-1.4)	1.3 (1.1-1.4)
Aspiration PNA	361 (1.1)	112 (0.4)	1.4 (1.1-1.8)	1.4 (1.1-1.8)
Non-Aspiration PNA	1262 (3.8)	501 (1.6)	1.2 (1.1-1.4)	1.2 (1.1-1.4)

Adapted from Herzig et al. There was a stronger association between pneumonia and acid-suppressive exposure than with pneumonia and no acid-suppressive exposure regardless of the type of pneumonia the patient acquired. Exposure was defined as at least one administration during the course of the hospitalization.