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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Sep 5, 2022; 13(5): 67-76
Published online Sep 5, 2022. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i5.67
Published online Sep 5, 2022. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i5.67
Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n = 132)
| Demographics | n (%) | mean ± SD | Medications | n (%) | mean ± SD |
| Age (yr) | 70 ± 16 | Antiplatelet agents | 64 (48) | ||
| Sex (male) | 86 (65) | Anticoagulants | 36 (27) | ||
| Race (White) | 96 (73) | NSAIDs | 28 (21) | ||
| Presentation | Medical interventions | ||||
| In-hospital bleeding | 64 (48) | ICU admission | 66 (50) | ||
| Hematemesis | 25 (19) | Hypotension requiring vasopressors | 39 (30) | ||
| Melena | 93 (70) | Blood transfusion (units) | 4 ± 4 | ||
| Hematochezia | 29 (22) | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112 ± 22 | Endoscopic findings | |||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 63 ± 14 | Time to endoscopy (h) | 29 ± 29 | ||
| Heart rate (BPM) | 95 ± 19 | Ulcer location (gastric) | 54 (41) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8 ± 2 | Forrest classification | |||
| Platelets (103/µL) | 275 ± 129 | Ia | 13 (10) | ||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 51 ± 29 | Ib | 47 (36) | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6 ± 1 | IIa | 72 (55) | ||
| Glasgow-Blatchford score | 15 ± 3 | Size (mm) | 13 ± 9 | ||
| Medical history | Endoscopic interventions | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 55 (42) | Additional modality | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 37 (28) | Thermal therapy | 60 (45) | ||
| Active malignancy | 18 (14) | Clipping | 53 (40) | ||
| Chronic renal dysfunction | 59 (45) | Both thermal therapy and clipping | 19 (14) | ||
| Dialysis use | 22 (17) | Epinephrine volume (mL) | 5.5 ± 3 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 11 (8) | Large-volume epinephrine use (≥10 mL) | 18 (14) |
- Citation: Saffo S, Nagar A. Impact of epinephrine volume on further bleeding due to high-risk peptic ulcer disease in the combination therapy era. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2022; 13(5): 67-76
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v13/i5/67.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i5.67