Clinical features and relative factors of constipation in a cohort of Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease

Table 2 Comparison of general characteristics between the constipation and non-constipation groups

	Constipation	Non-constipation	t/χ2 value	P value
Male, n (%)	52 (59.77)	38 (48.10)	2.271	0.132
Mean age ± SD (yr)	68.10 ± 8.16	63.51 ± 9.42	3.355	0.001
Mean age at onset ± SD (yr)	62.34 ± 9.38	59.56 ± 10.52	1.796	0.074
Mean disease duration ± SD (yr)	5.66 ± 4.41	4.00 ± 3.12	2.732	0.007
Clinical types, n (%)
Tremor	46 (52.87)	45 (56.96)
Non-tremor	41 (47.13)	34 (43.04)	0.279	0.597
Hoehn-Yahr stage (median, quartile)	2.0 (1.5, 3.0)	2.0 (1.5, 2.5)	-2.451	0.014
Mean UPDRS total scores ± SD	43.02 ± 19.57	34.90 ± 16.05	2.889	0.004
Mean UPDRS III scores ± SD	23.94 ± 12.03	19.41 ± 10.97	2.512	0.013
Mean levodopa equivalent dose ± SD (mg/d)	468.17 ± 357.98	441.92 ± 428.78	0.416	0.678
Mean daily dose of levodopa ± SD (mg/d)	500.41 ± 326.55	430.91 ± 163.93	1.491	0.138
Mean levodopa medication times ± SD (mo)	53.43 ± 49.56	29.25 ± 35.77	3.265	0.001
Medication, n (%)
Levodopa	73 (83.91)	61 (77.22)	1.192	0.275
Dopamine agonist	53 (60.92)	39 (49.37)	2.273	0.135
MAO-B inhibitor	23 (26.44)	21 (26.58)	< 0.001	0.983
COMT inhibitor	7 (8.05)	2 (2.53)	2.455	0.117
Anticholinergic	14 (16.09)	12 (15.19)	0.026	0.873
Amantadine	7 (8.05)	8 (10.13)	0.218	0.641
Motor complications, n (%)
Symptom fluctuation	33 (37.93)	18 (22.78)	4.463	0.035
Dyskinesia	18 (20.69)	7 (8.86)	4.529	0.033
NMSS scores	61.05 ± 32.95	37.59 ± 27.42	4.928	0.000
HAMD scores	11.94 ± 8.59	7.86 ± 8.16	3.113	0.002
HAMA scores	13.20 ± 10.37	8.96 ± 9.75	2.688	0.008
MoCA scores	19.71 ± 5.48	19.36 ± 6.11	0.374	0.709
PDQ-39 scores	41.07 ± 25.58	29.69 ± 20.84	3.104	0.002

UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; COMT: Catechol-o-methyltransferase; NMSS: Non-motor symptoms assessment Scales; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety scale; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; PDQ-39: Parkinson’s disease questionnaire-39.