Effects of commercially produced almond by-products on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats

doi:10.4291/wjgp.v8.i4.176

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology

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2150-5330

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Nov 15, 2017; 8(4): 176-187
Published online Nov 15, 2017. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v8.i4.176

Table 4 Severity scoring parameters for jejunum and ileum

		Villus blunting	Crypt distortion	Reduction in goblet cell numbers	Dilation of lymphatics	Thickening of submucosa	Thickening of muscularis externa	Enterocyte disruption	Lymphocytic and PMN infiltration
Sal + PBS	J	0	0	0	0	0.06 ± 0.06	0	0	0
Sal + PBS	I	0.19 ± 0.12	0	0	0	0.31 ± 0.15	0.19 ± 0.12	0	0
Sal + AHE1	J	0	0	0	0	0.13 ± 0.08	0	0	0
Sal + AHE1	I	0	0	0	0	0.31 ± 0.15	0.13 ± 0.12	0	0
Sal + AHE2	J	0	0	0	0	0.21 ± 0.14	0	0	0
Sal + AHE2	I	0.07 ± 0.07	0	0.14 ± 0.13	0	0.07 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.07	0	0
Sal + ABW1	J	0.13 ± 0.12	0	0	0	0.13 ± 0.12	0	0	0
Sal + ABW1	I	0	0.06 ± 0.06	0	0	0.13 ± 0.12	0.06 ± 0.06	0	0
Sal + ABW2	J	0	0	0	0	0.25 ± 0.13	0.13 ± 0.08	0	0
Sal + ABW2	I	0.13 ± 0.12	0	0.12 ± 0.12	0	0.38 ± 0.15	0.19 ± 0.12	0	0
5-FU +PBS	J	1.63 ± 0.15^b	1.38 ± 0.17^b	1.81 ± 0.12^b	1 ± 0^b	0.88 ± 0.12^b	0.88 ± 0.12^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU +PBS	I	1.56 ± 0.24^b	1.62 ± 0.17^b	1.89 ± 0.12^b	1 ± 0^b	0.88 ± 0.21^b	0.63 ± 0.17^a	1 ± 0.18^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU +AHE1	J	1.71 ± 0.17^b	1.43 ± 0.19^b	1.86 ± 0.13^b	1 ± 0^b	0.79 ± 0.14^b	0.71 ± 0.14^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU +AHE1	I	1.64 ± 0.17^b	1.57 ± 0.21^b	1.79 ± 0.2^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU +AHE2	J	1.79 ± 0.14^b	1.71 ± 0.17^b	2 ± 0^b	0.93 ± 0.07^b	1 ± 0^b	0.93 ± 0.07^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU +AHE2	I	1.86 ± 0.13^b	1.57 ± 0.19^b	1.93 ± 0.07^b	1 ± 0^b	0.71 ± 0.2^b	0.64 ± 0.22^a	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU + ABW1	J	1.44 ± 0.16^b	1.25 ± 0.15^b	1.63 ± 0.17^b	1 ± 0^b	0.94 ± 0.19^b	0.88 ± 0.19^b	0.88 ± 0.12^b	0.88 ± 0.12^a
5-FU + ABW1	I	1.25 ± 0.15^b	1.25 ± 0.15^b	1.63 ± 0.17^b	1 ± 0^b	0.88 ± 0.12^b	0.88 ± 0.12^b	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU + ABW2	J	1.75 ± 0.13^b	1.19 ± 0.12^b	1.94 ± 0.06^b	1 ± 0^b	0.88 ± 0.15^b	0.63 ± 0.17^b	1.13 ± 0.12^b	1 ± 0^b
5-FU + ABW2	I	1.75 ± 0.15^b	1.56 ± 0.16^b	1.75 ± 0.15^b	1 ± 0^b	0.94 ± 0.06^b	0.69 ± 0.15^a	1 ± 0^b	1 ± 0^b

Data are expressed as means ± SEM.

^aP < 0.05 vs saline + PBS,

^bP < 0.01 vs saline + PBS. 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; AHE: Almond hull extract; ABW: Almond blanched water.

Citation: Whittaker AL, Zhu Y, Howarth GS, Loung CS, Bastian SEP, Wirthensohn MG. Effects of commercially produced almond by-products on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rats. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017; 8(4): 176-187
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v8/i4/176.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v8.i4.176