Effect of replenishment of vitamin D on survival in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis: A prospective study

Table 6 Vitamin D deficiency and liver disease

Ref.	Disease (n)	Prevalence of VDD	Findings/conclusions
Wong et al[22], 2015	CHB (n = 426)	82% < 32 ng/mL	VDD is associated with adverse clinical outcomes
Bril et al[33], 2015	NASH (n = 239)	31% < 30 ng/mL; 47% < 20 ng/mL	VD level is not associated the severity of NASH
Finkelmeier et al[34], 2014	HCC (n = 200)	38% < 20 ng/mL; 35% < 10 ng/mL	VD levels negatively correlated with the stage of cirrhosis as well as with stages of HCC
Guzmán-Fulgencio et al[35], 2014	HIV-HCV coinfection (n = 174)	16% < 25 nmol/L	VDD is associated with severity of liver disease F ≥ 2 [OR = 8.47 (1.88-38.3); P < 0.05] and A ≥ 2 [OR = 3.25 (1.06-10.1); P < 0.05]
Avihingsanon[36], 2014	HCV (n = 331) HCV-HIV coinfection (n = 130)	< 30 ng/mL	Hypovitaminosis D is a predictor of advanced fibrosis [OR = 2.48 (1.09-5.67); P < 0.05]
El-Maouche et al[37], 2013	HCV-HIV coinfection (n = 116)	41% < 15 ng/mL	VDD is not associated with significant liver fibrosis (METAVIR ≥ 2)
Terrier et al[38], 2011	HIV-HCV coinfection (n = 189)	85% ≤ 30 ng/mL	Low VD level correlate with severe liver fibrosis
Petta et al[20], 2010	HCV-1 (n = 197)	73% ≤ 30 ng/mL	Low VD is linked to severe fibrosis and low SVR on interferon-based therapy
Fisher et al[39], 2007	Noncholestatic CLD (n = 100)	68% < 50 nmol/L, 23% 50-80 nmol/L	VDD is common in noncholestatic CLD

To convert results into SI units: ng/mL × 2.5 = nmol/L. VD: Vitamin D; VDD: Vitamin D deficiency; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.