Contemporary review of drug-induced pancreatitis: A different perspective

Table 2 Mechanism of drug induced pancreatitis with drugs associated with acute pancreatitis

Mechanism of DIAP	Drugs with a definite relationship or with classI/II to AP	Probable	Similar structure/class/mechanism withreported cases
Structural	Cholestatic liver injury		Rofecoxib
	Azathioprine
	Cytarabine
	Spasm of the sphincter of Oddi	Octreotide	Opium
	Opioids		Marcolides
	Codeine
	Erythromycin
	Obstruction		ACE-inhibitors
	Enalapril-angioedema
	Duct constriction		NSAIDs
	Sulindac
	Stone		Ceftriaxone
			Dipyridamole
Toxins	Acetaminophen	Metformin	Minocycline
	Didanosine		Tigecycline
	Isoniazid		Doxycycline
	Metronidazole		NRTI
	Valproic acid		HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
	Mesalamine
	Pentamidine
	Asparaginase
	Sitaliptin
	Exenatide
	Tetracycline
	Pravastatin
Metabolic	Hypertriglyceridemia	Hydrochlorothiazide	Isotretinoin
	Estrogens	Interferon alfa	Retinoid derivaties
	Corticosteroids	Propofol	Protease inhibitors
	Furosemide	Tamoxifen	Saw palmetto
	β-blocker		Ethacrynic acid
	Clomiphene		Anti-psychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone)
	Hypercalcemia		IV calcium
			Vitamin D
Vascular			Contrast media - iopamidol Procainamide
Immune-mediated	Azathioprine/mercaptopurine sulfasalazine

AP: Acute pancreatitis; NRTI: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.