Editorial
Copyright ©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Nov 15, 2013; 4(4): 65-73
Published online Nov 15, 2013. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v4.i4.65
Table 1 Overview of genetic association studies in achalasia
Protein (gene)PolymorphismFindingRef.
PTPN22C1858TRisk factor[28]
IL-10GCCProtective[29]
IL-23RG381AProtective[30]
iNOSiNOS22*A/ANo association[35]
eNOSeNOS*4°4°No association[35]
iNOS(CCTTT) n > 12Risk factor[36]
cKitRs6554199Risk factor[37]
VIPR type 1Rs437876 and rs896Risk factor[38]