Update on pathogenesis and clinical management of acute pancreatitis

Table 1 Causes of acute pancreatitis[6,9]

Etiology of acute pancreatitis
Toxic-metabolic	Alcohol Hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia Drugs and pills Organophosphorus and other toxic substances Venoms (scorpion, spiders)
Mechanical	Biliary: lithiasis, microlithiasis, sludge Congenital malformations Pancreas divisum Annular pancreas Anatomical variants: Duodenal duplication Duodenal diverticulum Choledochal cyst Ampullary dysfunction and stenosis Trauma
Genetic	Familial Sporadic
Miscellanea	Vascular Hypotension Vasculitis Embolisms Hypercoagulability Autoimmune associated to other autoimmune disorders Sjögren syndrome Primary sclerosing cholangitis Celiac disease Autoimmune hepatitis Infections: Virus: mumps, Coxsackie A, HIV, CMV Bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Parasites: Ascaris Other: Mycoplasma Idiopathic

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; CMV: Cytomegalo virus.