Role of p53 suppression in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 3 Role of p53 in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) suppresses the tumour suppressing activity of p53 by formation of a MDM2-p53 complex. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway activates the production of MDM2 and the activation of JAK/STAT signalling pathway suppresses the p53 protein (Created with BioRender.com). TGF: Tumour growth factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; HPV: Human papillomavirus; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MDM2: Murine double minute 2; MEK: Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinas; ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; AP-1: Activating protein-1; MCL: Medial collateral ligament.