Polymorphism of genes encoding drug-metabolizing and inflammation-related enzymes for susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand

Table 3 Relationship between serum anti-Opisthorchis viverrini, alcohol consumption, and smoking and cholangiocarcinoma risk, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, shown by analysis for each of the genetic polymorphisms

Independent variable	Gene adjusted for	Adjusted1 OR	95%CI		P value	Adjusted2 OR	95%CI		P value
			LL	UL			LL	UL
Positive serum anti-OV	GSTM1	9.16	2.00	41.90	0.004	7.12	1.76	28.81	0.006
	GSTT1	8.16	1.85	35.96	0.006	7.33	1.74	30.93	0.007
	CYP2E1	7.75	1.73	34.69	0.007	4.90	1.41	17.05	0.013
	IL-6, -174 G/C	8.07	1.80	36.07	0.006	5.39	1.51	19.29	0.010
	IL-6, -634 G/C	7.21	1.57	32.98	0.011	6.13	1.54	24.32	0.010
	IL-10, -819 T/C	9.04	1.97	41.39	0.005	6.03	1.65	22.04	0.007
	NF-kB	11.81	2.31	60.44	0.003	8.14	1.90	34.90	0.005
Alcohol drinking	GSTM1	1.06	0.70	1.60	0.779	1.12	0.76	1.67	0.560
	GSTT1	1.05	0.70	1.58	0.817	1.10	0.74	1.63	0.643
	CYP2E1	1.05	0.70	1.58	0.801	1.10	0.75	1.63	0.614
	IL-6, -174 G/C	1.03	0.68	1.56	0.907	1.09	0.73	1.62	0.674
	IL-6, -634 G/C	1.00	0.65	1.52	0.989	1.06	0.70	1.59	0.784
	IL-10, -819 T/C	0.98	0.63	1.53	0.933	1.06	0.70	1.61	0.785
	NF-kB	0.99	0.63	1.54	0.956	1.05	0.68	1.60	0.836
Smoking	GSTM1	1.56	1.01	2.40	0.044	1.49	0.99	2.23	0.053
	GSTT1	1.56	1.01	2.42	0.044	1.51	1.00	2.27	0.049
	CYP2E1	1.55	1.00	2.41	0.052	1.46	0.98	2.18	0.060
	IL-6, -174 G/C	1.73	1.05	2.85	0.030	1.62	1.04	2.54	0.035
	IL-6, -634 G/C	1.79	1.10	2.91	0.018	1.73	1.08	2.76	0.022
	IL-10, -819 T/C	1.80	1.09	2.98	0.022	1.65	1.05	2.59	0.030
	NF-kB	1.78	1.08	2.94	0.023	1.80	1.11	2.91	0.016

¹Adjusted for alcohol consumption and smoking.

²Adjusted for alcohol consumption and smoking. Missing values for these variables were imputed.

OV: Opisthorchis viverrini; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; LL: Lower limit; UL: Upper limit.