COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Recommendations for management and vaccination

Table 1 Studies of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with gastrointestinal tumors

Ref.	Type of study	Type of COVID-19 vaccine	Participants	Efficacy/effectiveness	Adverse effects
Suenega et al[35], 2022	Retrospective observational study	mPNA (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273)	Gastrointestinal cancer patients, n = 52	BNT162b2 (approximately 95%), mRNA-1273 (approximately 94%)	82.2% had adverse events: Injection site pain (approximately 67%), fatigue (approximately 12%), fever (approximately 6%), headache (approximately 4%), gastrointestinal problems (approximately 4%), redness (approximately 2%), insomnia (approximately 2%); no vaccine-related deaths
Fendler et al[36], 2022	Retrospective observational study	BNT162b2; mRNA-1273	115	mRNA vaccines (against omicron approximately 75%) (against delta approximately 79%); against omicron increased from 47.8% to 88.9% following a third vaccine dose	Injection site pain (approximately 63%), local swelling (9%), muscle pain (34%), fatigue (34%), headache (16%), fever (10%), chills (10%) and gastrointestinal events (10%); no vaccine-related deaths
Thakkar et al[30], 2021	Retrospective study	BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, Ad26.COV2.S	27 (14%) from 200 are with GIST	BNT162b2 (95%), mRNA-1273 (94%), Ad26.COV2.S (85%)	Sore arm (20%–37%), fatigue (5%–16%), muscle ache (5%–17%), fatigue (1%–5%), rash (1%–3%), redness (approximately 2%), other (1%–5%); no vaccine-related deaths
Embi et al[37], 2021	Observational study	BNT162b2; mRNA-1273	20 101 immunocompromised patients	BNT162b2 (71%), mRNA-1273 (81%)	Sore arm (20%–47%), fever (10%), fatigue (1%–5%), other (1%–5%); no vaccine-related deaths
Karacin et al[38], 2021	Prospective observational study	CoronaVac vaccine	47	Sero-response rate 63.8%	Pain at the injection site (4.2%), fever (2.1%), fatigue (4.2%–10.5%), headache (2.1%), and myalgia (2.1%), There were no serious side effects or toxic deaths
Ariamanesh et al[39], 2022	Prospective study	BBIBP-CorV	364 (32 patients with gastrointestinal tumors)	Sero-response rate 86.9%	Injection site pain, fever, fatigue, headache