Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. May 22, 2022; 13(3): 73-84
Published online May 22, 2022. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v13.i3.73
Table 3 Summary of the regulations of cell membrane transporters and potential effects on digoxin clearance

Efflux
Influx
Effects
KidneyMDR1: Up-regulatedOATP4C1: Up-regulatedIncrease tubule exclusion
IntestineMDR1: Down-regulatedOATP1A4: Down-regulatedDecrease intestinal absorption
LiverMDR1: Up-regulatedOATP4C1: Up-regulatedIncrease exclusion into bile duct