Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Sep 22, 2021; 12(5): 84-105
Published online Sep 22, 2021. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i5.84
Figure 1
Figure 1 Major signalling pathways involved in cholangiocarcinoma. The major signaling pathways involved in cholangiocarcinomas could be categorized into three main class: (1) Microenvironment and inflammation-related pathways; (2) Pathways related to proliferation/survival/death; and (3) Development-related pathways. TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; IL: Interleukin; FGFR2: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription.