Neuroimmunomodulation by gut bacteria: Focus on inflammatory bowel diseases

Figure 3 Role of neuromediators producing gut microbiota during gut inflammation. Gut microbiota produces various neuromediators that attenuate the gut inflammation by balancing the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines to maintain gut homeostasis. During inflammation, dysbiosis in gut microbiota leads to alteration in respective neuromediators which may lead to altered the host immune response. GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid.