Potential role of imaging in assessing harmful effects on spermatogenesis in adult testes with varicocele

Table 2 Chiou et al[47] classification (total score of ≥ 4 defined as varicocele)

Characteristics	Grade
Maximum vein diameter (mm)
< 2.5	0
2.5-2.9	1
3-3.9	2
≥ 4	3
Plexus/sum of diameter of veins
No plexus identified	0
Plexus (+) with sum diameter < 3 mm	1
Plexus (+) with sum diameter 3-5.9 mm	2
Plexus (+) with sum diameter ≥ 6 mm	3
Change of flow velocity on Valsalva maneuver
< 2 cm/s or duration < 1 s	0
2-4.9	1
5-9.9	2
≥ 10	3
Total score	0-9