Grey-scale sonography and sonoelastography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome

Table 1 Summary of previous studies reporting the diagnostic value of the median nerve cross-sectional area in carpal tunnel syndrome

Ref.	CSA cut-off (mm2)	CTS wrists	Control wrists	Location	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC
Duncan et al[47]	9	102	68	Pisiform	82	97	NA
Lee et al[48]	15	100	56	Scaphoid tuberosity and the pisiform	88	96	NA
Sarría et al[26]	11	64	42	Hook of hamate	75	57	NA
Swen et al[49]	10	63	20	Pisiform	70	63	NA
Nakamichi and Tachibana[50]	12	414	408	Mean location of the proximal, mid and distal tunnel	67	97	NA
Wong et al[51]	9.8	35	35	Tunnel inlet	89	83	0.91
Kele et al[52]	11	110	55	Tunnel inlet	74	98	NA
Altinok et al[53]	9	40	40	Pisiform	65	93	NA
El Miedany et al[54]	10	96	156	Tunnel inlet	98	100	NA
Keleş et al[55]	9.3	35	40	Middle carpal tunnel	80	76	0.833
Ziswiler et al[56]	10	78	23	The largest CSA	82	87	0.89
Mallouhi et al[57]	11	172	None	Maximal CSA in the carpal tunnel	91	47	NA
Wiesler et al[58]	11	44	86	The distal wrist crease	91	84	NA
Naranjo et al[59]	9.7	80	25	Tunnel inlet	86	48	0.78
Kaymak et al[60]	12	34	38	Pisiform	88	66	0.84
Kwon et al[61]	10.7	41	41	Tunnel inlet	66	63	0.75
Pinilla et al[62]	6.5	40	30	Tunnel inlet	89.5	93	NA
Sernik et al[28]	10	40	63	Pisiform	85	92.1	NA
Visser et al[63]	10	265	137	Tunnel inlet	78	91	0.90
Ashraf et al[64]	9.3	70	80	Middle carpal tunnel	80	77.5	0.796
Klauser et al[18]	12	100	93	Maximal CSA in the carpal tunnel	94	95	0.9896
Pastare et al[65]	9	97	None	Tunnel inlet	62	100	0.842
Mohammadi et al[66]	8.5	132	32	Tunnel inlet	97	98	NA
Ghasemi-Esfe et al[29]	10.5	85	49	Pisiform	69	94	NA
Roll et al[19]	10.3	83	83	Pisiform	80.4	90.6	0.899
Kang et al[23]	9.5	110	38	Distal wrist crease	96	92	0.988
Ulaşli et al[67]	10.5	95	48	Maximal CSA in the carpal tunnel	91	81	0.934
Fowler et al[42]	10	55	30	Pisiform	89	90	NA
Kantarci et al[35]	9.5	60	36	Tunnel inlet	60	91.7	0.844
Miyamoto et al[37]	11	43	44	Pisiform	82	75	0.85
Ooi et al[68]	9.8	95	30	Pisiform	92	90	0.95

CSA: Cross-sectional area; CTS: Carpal tunnel syndrome; AUC: Area under curve; NA: Not available.