Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in cancer: Reported apparent diffusion coefficients, in-vitro and in-vivo reproducibility

Table 9 Estimates of apparent diffusion coefficient values of cancer vs normal tissue/benign disease reported in selected studies on different anatomical regions using a mono-exponential fit

Ref.	Anatomical region	Journal	Tumour and tissue	No. of subjects	b-values (s/mm2)	Mean ADC (SD) (× 10-3 mm2/s)
Kim et al[29], 1999	Liver	AJR	Malignant Normal liver	49 48	3, 57, 192, 408, 517, 705, 846	1.01 (0.38) 1.92 (0.32)
1Taouli et al[47], 2003	Liver	Radiology	Metastatic lesions	15	(1) 0, 500	(1) Lesions 0.94 (0.60)
			Normal liver	14	(2) 0, 134, 267, 400	Normal 1.83 (0.36)
						(2) Lesions 0.85 (0.51)
						Normal 1.51 (0.49)
Sato et al[79], 2005	Prostate	JMRI	Prostate cancer	23	0, 300, 600	1.11 (0.41)
			Normal prostate	23		1.68 (0.40)
Naganawa et al[99], 2005	Cervix	European	Cervical cancer	12	0, 300, 600	1.09 (0.20)
		Radiology	Normal cervix	10		1.79 (0.24)
McVeigh et al[91], 2008	Cervix	European	Cervical cancer	47	0, 600	1.09 (0.20)
		Radiology	Normal cervix	26		2.09 (0.46)
Yoshikawa et al[107], 2008	Breast	RadiationMedicine	IDC NIDC Normal breast	24 3 27	0, 200, 400, 600, 800	1.07 (0.19) 1.42(0.17) 1.96(0.21)
Kim et al[119], 2009	Breast	JMRI	Breast cancer	62	0, 1000	1.09 (0.27)
			Normal breast	67		1.59 (0.27)
Riches et al[27], 2009	Prostate	NMR in	Prostate cancer	43	0, 800	1.33 (0.52)
		Biomedicine	Central gland	50		1.72 (0.35)
			Peripheral zone	50		1.66 (0.34)
Fattahi et al[65], 2009	Pancreas	JMRI	Pancreatic cancer	10	0, 600	1.46 (0.18)
			Normal pancreas	14		1.78 (0.07)
Sugita et al[185], 2009	Gallbladder	EuropeanRadiology	Gallbladder carcinoma	15	0, 1000	1.28 (0.41)
			Gallbladder disease	14		1.92 (0.21)
Taouli et al[186], 2009	Kidney	Radiology	RCC	64 (28 RCC)	0, 400, 800	1.41 (0.61)
			Benign lesions	64 (81 benign lesions)		2.23 (0.87)
Wang et al[187], 2010	Kidney	Radiology	RCC	83	(1) 0, 500	(1) RCC 1.849 (0.399)
			RP		(2) 0, 800	RP 2.455 (0.238)
						(2) RCC 1.698 (0.323)
						RP 2.303 (0.172)
Cao et al[87], 2012	Uterus	European Journal of Radiology	Endometrial carcinoma	13	0, 1000	1.011 (0.102)
			Normal endometrium	64		1.267 (0.221)
Ogawa et al[188], 2012	Gallbladder	Journal of Gastroenterology	Gallbladder carcinoma	36	0, 1000	1.83 (0.69)
			Gallbladder disease	117		2.60 (0.54)

Some studies were carried out with more b-values than specified in the following table to compute intravoxel incoherent motion-specific parameters.

¹Authors in this study used two different DW sequences. IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma; NIDC: Noninvasive ductal carcinoma; RCC: Renal carcinoma; RP: Renal parenchyma; DW: Diffusion-weighted.