Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistula: A systematic review

Figure 1 A thirty one-year-old man who was diagnosed with carotid cavernous sinus fistula which developed secondary to a motor vehicle accident. A: Digital subtraction angiogram view of left internal carotid artery (ICA) revealed laceration in the anterior loop and associated direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula; B: Balloon detachment failed because of the site and small calibre of the fistula orifice. Coil embolization of the fistula was then performed with preservation of the ICA; C: Post-procedural left ICA injection showed lack of residual filling, preservation of parent artery and detached coils at the site of fistula.