Diagnostic neuroradiology for the interventional neuroradiologist

Figure 2 Patient with epilepsy. A: Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) shows discrete hyperdensities in the left frontal white matter; B: After contrast administration, vascular structures are seen in the left frontal lobe, raising the suspicion of an AVM. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one can see typical findings due to an Arteriovenous malformation; C, D: Long flow voids on the FLAIR images that run from the cortex to the paraventricular region in a triangular pattern; E-G: The Angiogram in same patient showing frontal AVM; H, I: Tractography shows the AVM to be close but separated from the corticospinal tract; J-L: Functional MRI was done with a motor paradigm that demonstrates cortical activation in the frontal motor cortex, the AVM is shown to be located anteriorly and superiorly to the activated area.