Evaluation of vascular puncture needles with specific modifications for enhanced ultrasound visibility: In vitro study

Table 1 Ultrasound visibility of variously modified vascular needles

	Visibility score
Needle	I	II	III	IV	V
Control	5	19	1	0	0	A
Re-cut	4	18	3	0	0	B
Rough surface	0	2	13	7	0	Ca
Dimple	0	0	2	14	9	Dab
Four side holes	0	0	0	7	18	Eabcd

^aP = 0.000 vs A;

^bP = 0.000 vs C;

^cP = 0.000 vs D;

^dP < 0.05/6, adjusted with Bonferroni correction; The Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare grade scores adjusting for multiple (6 times) comparisons post-test. Each P value between two groups was < 0.05/6.