Cognitive and functional status after vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation endovascular occlusion

Figure 1 Preliminary diagnostic imaging in Galen aneurysmal malformations patients. A: Portable chest radiograph in a newborn (Patient 1) with clinical signs of congestive heart failure and a cranial bruit demonstrates cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion; B: A non-contrast head computed tomography shows an enlarged midline vascular structure in the posterior fossa consistent with a Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM); C, D: In another patient (Patient 3) who presented similarly, color Doppler ultrasound (C) indicates the presence of a posterior midline vascular pouch subsequently shown by magnetic resonance (MR) venography to be a VGAM (D); E, F: Alternatively, contrast-enhanced brain MR imaging was the initial diagnostic imaging used to diagnose a VGAM in Patient 2 who presented with macrocephalus and cranial bruit.