Current status of low dose multi-detector CT in the urinary tract

Table 6 Radiation dose and computed tomography protocols for renal donors

Author	Yr	CT scanner	Acquisition phase	kVp	mA(mAs)	Pitch	CTDIvol in mGy	DLP in mGy cm	Supplements
Kim et al[49]	2003	4MDCT	Unenhanced	120	200	1.5	10.19	NA
			Renal CTA				12.88	NA
			Excretory				10.19	NA
Wintersperger et al[50]	2005	16MDCT	Abdominal CTA	120	400 (200)	1	15.6	673.9
				100			10.0	447.0
Sahani et al[45]	2007	16MDCT	Renal CTA	140	(210)	0.94	25 ± 3	NA	AEC
				120			17 ± 4	NA	Using NI of 15
				100			12 ± 3	NA
Zamboni et al[42]	2010	64MDCT	Low dose 4-phase	120	50-150	NA	NA	2021 ± 545
			Low dose 3-phase				NA	1501 ± 418	AEC
			Low dose 2-phase				NA	981 ± 381	Using NI of 15.86
			Low dose 2-phase*				NA	676 ± 284

mGy: Mili Gray; CT: Computed tomography; MDCT: Multi-detector row CT; CTA: CT angiography; AEC: Automatic exposure control; NI: Noise index; DLP: Dose-length product; 4-phase: Unenhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis, arterial phase CT of the abdomen, venous phase CT of the abdomen, and excretory phase CT of the abdomen and pelvis; 3-phase: Unenhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis, arterial phase CT of the abdomen, and excretory phase CT of the abdomen and pelvis; 2-phase: Unenhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis and combined phase scan (using split-bolus technique) of the abdomen and pelvis; 2-phase*: Unenhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis and a combined phase scan (using split-bolus technique) of the abdomen.