Precision oncology: The role of minimally-invasive ablation therapy in the management of solid organ tumors

Table 2 Clinical indications and outcomes for ablation techniques

Tumor type	Ablation technique	Indications	Response rate	1-year PFS	1-year OS
Hepatocellular carcinoma	RFA, MWA, CA, HIFU, histotripsy	Solitary tumors < 3 cm (RFA), recurrent or aggressive disease, association with vasculature/biliary system	91.8% (RFA), 98.8% (MWA), 94% (CA), 90% (HIFU), 100% (histotripsy, preliminary)	75% (RFA), 87.6% (MWA), 84.4% (CA), 63.6% (HIFU), limited data (histotripsy)	93.3% (RFA), 95.9% (MWA), 100% (CA), 59.48% (HIFU), limited data (histotripsy)
Non-small cell lung cancer	RFA, MWA, CA	Early-stage non-surgical candidates, medically inoperable elderly patients, metastatic	79.5% (RFA), 100% technical success (MWA), 100% (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)	54% (RFA), 93.7% (MWA), 100% (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)	100% (RFA), 99% (MWA), 97.5% (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)
Renal cell carcinoma	RFA, MWA, CA, HIFU, histotripsy	Stage T1a and T1b, high-risk patients, oligometastatic	95.5% technical success (RFA), high (MWA), 92.6% technical success (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)	> 97% (RFA), 100% (MWA), 95.6% (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)	> 97% (RFA), 99% (MWA), 98% (CA), limited data (HIFU, histotripsy)
Desmoid tumors	RFA, MWA, CA, HIFU, histotripsy	Combination with chemotherapy, difficult anatomical locations, recurrence management	88.9% (MWA), 80% (CA), 47.3% (HIFU), limited data (RFA, histotripsy)	85.1% (CA), limited data (RFA, MWA, HIFU, histotripsy)	69.3% (HIFU, 5-year), limited data (RFA, MWA, CA, histotripsy)

PFS: Progression-free survival; OS: Overall survival; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; MWA: Microwave ablation; CA: Cryoablation; HIFU: High-intensity focused ultrasound.