Direct visualization of postoperative aortobronchial fistula on computed tomography

Figure 4 Aortobronchial fistula in a 67-year-old man with mild hemoptysis and a history of replacement of the descending aorta 26 years earlier for aortic coarctation and aneurysm. Although the hemoptysis spontaneously resolved, a graft infection developed 2 years after the initial computed tomography (CT), which was treated with antibiotics. No invasive treatment was performed at the patient’s request. A: Initial/onset CT image shows air shadow in the intra-aortic peri-graft space (arrow) and a pseudo-aneurysm (arrow). A peri-graft dirty fat sign and ring enhancement are also seen; B: Latest CT, 2-year follow-up scan images show residual peri-graft air and a dilated peripheral bronchus near the graft without direct connection to peri-graft air.