Renal resistive index measurements by ultrasound in patients with liver cirrhosis: Magnitude and associations with renal dysfunction

Table 3 Comparison of clinical parameters in patients with and without high RRI, n = 200

Parameters	High RRI, > 0.73, n = 82	Low RRI, ≤ 0.73, n = 118	aP value
Age in yr, mean ± SD	47.98 ± 11.01	50.40 ± 12.37	0.810
Sex
Male, n (%)	69 (84.1)	90 (76.2)	0.170
Comorbidity, n (%)
Present	19 (23.2)	60 (50.8)	0.110
ACLF among n = 27	20 (24.3)	7 (5.9)	< 0.001
ACLF grade, n (%)
Grade I	5 (25)	1 (0.8)	0.002
Grade II	7 (35)	3 (2.5)
Grade III	8 (40)	3 (2.5)
AKI, n (%)	79 (96.3)	50 (42.4)	< 0.001
AKI stage among n = 129, n (%)
Stage I	27 (32.9)	24 (20.3)
Stage II	28 (34.1)	19 (16.1)
Stage III	24 (29.2)	7.0 (5.9)
AKI phenotype among n = 129, n (%)
ATN-AKI	17 (94.4)	1 (0.8)	< 0.001
HRS-AKI	59 (72)	23 (19.4)
PRA	3 (10.3)	26 (22.0)
BMI in kg/m²	19.70 ± 3.06	19.87 ± 3.06	0.169
Abdominal circumference in cm	102.98 ± 10.2	90.54 ± 17.6	< 0.001
Duration of cirrhosis in mo	10.96 ± 11.5	10.55 ± 12.18	0.574
Etiology, n (%)
Alcohol	31 (37.8)	47 (39.8)	0.907
NAFLD	19 (23.2)	30 (25.4)
Viral	22 (26.8)	15 (12.7)
Others	10 (12.2)	26 (22.1)
CTP class, n (%)
A	1 (1.2)	22 (18.6)	< 0.001
B	17 (20.7)	49 (41.5)
C	64 (78.1)	47 (39.8)
MELD-Na Score	23 (7-33)	19 (7-28)	< 0.001
Ascites among n = 153, n (%)
Grade-II	26 (32.5)	44 (37.2.3)	< 0.001
Grade-III	54 (67.5)	29 (24.5)
MAP in mmHg	73.50 ± 6.77	78.2 ± 2.61	< 0.001
Heart rate	90.8 ± 16.55	80.8 ± 7.35	< 0.001

^aP value: P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant between the groups. ACLF: Acute on chronic liver failure; AKI: Acute kidney injury; ATN: Acute tubular necrosis; BMI: Body mass index; CTP: Child Turcotte Pugh; HRS: Hepatorenal syndrome; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease-sodium; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PRA: Prerenal AKI; RRI: Renal resistive index; SD: Standard deviation.