Pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial embolization of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with detachable balloon: An institutional cohort long-term study

Figure 4 A 22-year-old male presented with left proptosis and red eye after a motor vehicle accident 3 years prior. A and B: Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views of the left internal carotid artery (LICA) injection showed large traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula without antegrade flow into anterior and middle cerebral arteries; C: Lateral view of the LICA demonstrated a detachable balloon navigating into the orifice of the fistula at the C1 cavernous segment of the LICA under road-mapping; D and E: AP and lateral views of the LICA injection revealed complete obliteration of the fistula after the detachment of the balloon; F and G: AP and lateral views of three-dimensional reconstructed images of the LICA using computed tomography angiography (CTA) obtained 1 month after embolization showed a large pseudoaneurysm (grade 3); H and I: The same projection of the three-dimensional reconstructed images of the LICA using CTA obtained 6 months after embolization demonstrated a minimal residual pseudoaneurysm (grade 1).