Radiological parameters to predict pancreatic texture: Current evidence and future perspectives

Table 2 Summary of studies evaluating the role of computed tomography abdomen in assessing pancreatic texture

Ref.	Number of patients	PER calculation	Results	Histological correlation
Kang et al[15], 2017	146	1 Equilibrium phase -Pre contrast/ Pre contrast (EP- Pre/Pre); 2 Equilibrium phase -Pre contrast/ Arterial phase - Pre contrast (EP-Pre/AP-Pre)	Mean PER was significantly higher in patients without POPF than in patients with POPF. PER cut off: EP- Pre/Pre -1.10; Pre/AP-Pre - 0.60	Not evaluated
Maehira et al[13], 2019	115	1 Arterial phase/Portal phase (A/P); 2 Portal phase/Late phase (P/L)	Enhancement ratio is significantly higher in POPF group. PER cut off: A/P – 1.19; P/L – 1.17	Not evaluated
Gnanasekaran S et al[32], 2022	61	Equilibrium phase -Pre contrast/ Arterial phase - Pre contrast (EP-Pre/AP-Pre)	PER was significantly higher in patients without POPF than in patients with POPF, PER cut off – 0.673	PER correlated well with fibrosis

PER: Pancreatic enhancement ratio; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula.