Deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction for improving the image quality of reduced-field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging of the pancreas

Table 4 Inter-reader agreement between the two radiologists

Qualitative assessment	Imaging	κ value (95%CI)	P value
Sharpness of pancreas contour	FOCUS-DLR+	0.73 (0.52–0.95)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-DLR-	0.69 (0.45–0.93)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-conv	0.66 (0.43–0.89)	< 0.0011
Image noise	FOCUS-DLR+	0.69 (0.46–0.92)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-DLR-	0.70 (0.50–0.90)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-conv	0.64 (0.42–0.87)	< 0.0011
Distortion of pancreas	FOCUS-DLR+	0.61 (0.40–0.82)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-DLR-	0.71 (0.53–0.89)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-conv	0.61 (0.41–0.82)	< 0.0011
Visualization of pancreas cystic lesion	FOCUS-DLR+	0.80 (0.56–1.03)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-DLR-	0.76 (0.60–0.93)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-conv	0.71 (0.51–0.91)	< 0.0011
Visualization of MPD on ADC map	FOCUS-DLR+	0.67 (0.51–0.83)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-DLR-	0.75 (0.60–0.90)	< 0.0011
	FOCUS-conv	0.74 (0.54–0.94)	< 0.0011

¹A significant difference. P values were obtained by the weighted κ statistic.

κ values: < 0, no agreement; 0–0.20, slight agreement; 0.21–0.40, fair agreement; 0.41–0.60, moderate agreement; 0.61–0.80, substantial agreement; and 0.81–1.00, almost perfect agreement. 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals; DLR: Deep learning-based reconstruction; FOCUS: Field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot; FOCUS-conv: Conventional field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; MPD: Main pancreatic duct.