Deep learning-based magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction for improving the image quality of reduced-field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging of the pancreas

Table 3 The results of the two radiologists' qualitative assessments

Qualitative assessment	Reader	Mean image-quality score			P value
					Friedman test	Bonferroni post-hoc test
		FOCUS-DLR+	FOCUS-DLR-	FOCUS-conv		FOCUS-DLR+ vs FOCUS-DLR-	FOCUS-DLR+ vs FOCUS-conv	FOCUS-DLR- vs FOCUS-conv
Sharpness of pancreas contour	R1	3.32	3	2.24	< 0.0011	0.31	< 0.0011	0.0011
	R2	3.32	3.03	2.05	< 0.0011	0.49	< 0.0011	< 0.0011
Image noise	R1	3.65	2.7	2.86	< 0.00 11	< 0.0011	< 0.0011	1
	R2	3.59	2.54	2.7	< 0.0011	< 0.0011	< 0.0011	0.97
Distortion of pancreas	R1	3.16	3.11	3.05	0.05	N/A	N/A	N/A
	R2	3.11	3.18	3.05	0.73	N/A	N/A	N/A
Visualization of pancreas cystic lesion	R1	3.7	3.49	2.89	< 0.0011	0.67	0.0161	0.35
	R2	3.62	3.32	2.7	< 0.0011	0.24	0.0011	0.17
Visualization of MPD on ADC map	R1	2.97	2.54	2.19	< 0.0011	0.17	0.0031	0.49
	R2	2.73	2.24	1.99	< 0.0011	0.11	0.0011	0.35

¹A significant difference.

DLR: Deep learning-based reconstruction; FOCUS: Field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot; FOCUS-conv: Conventional field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; MPD: Main pancreatic duct; N/A: Not available.